The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
Volume 29, Issue 3 , Pages 286-290 , March 2010

Infections in heart transplant recipients in Brazil: The challenge of Chagas' disease

  • Henrique L. Godoy, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Henrique L. Godoy, MD, Federal University of São Paulo Cardiology, Botucatu St, 740 10th Flr, 4023—900 São Paulo—SP, Brazil. Telephone: 55-11-55993669. Fax: 55-11-5599369
    • ,
  • Carla M. Guerra, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Ruy F. Viegas, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Rosiane Z. Dinis, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Joao N. Branco, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Vicente A. Neto, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Medical Investigation Laboratory - Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Dirceu R. Almeida, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

References 

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  2. Bocchi EA, Fiorelli A. The Brazilian experience with heart transplantation: a multicenter report. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001;20:637–645
  3. Fishman J, Rubin R. Infections in organ transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1741–1751
  4. Fishman A. Medical progress: infection in solid organ transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2601–2614
  5. Montoya JG, Giraldo LF, Efron B, et al. Infectious complications among 620 consecutive heart transplant patients at Stanford University Medical Center. CID. 2001;33:629–640
  6. Grossi P, De Maria R, Caroll A, et al. Infections in heart transplant recipients: the experience of the Italian heart transplantation program (Italian study group on infections in heart transplant). J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11:847–866
  7. Bernebeu-Wittel W, Cañas E, Herrero M, Ordóñez A, Martinez A, Cisneros JM. Infectious complications of heart transplantation (A prospective study for the first 6 years of a transplantation program). Rev Clin Esp. 1999;199:489–495
  8. Rodriguez C, Muños P, Rodriguez-Créixems M, et al. Bloodstream infections among heart transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2005;81:384–391
  9. Peraira JR, Arroyo SR, Ortiz P, et al. High incidence of severe infections in heart transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. Transplant Proc. 2003;35:1999–2000
  10. Gómez-Moreno S, Lage E, Jiménez-Jambrina M, Orónez A, Borrego JM, Hernández A. Infections in cardiac transplant recipients: clinical and miocrobiological characteristics and consequences. Transplant Proc. 2006;38:2555–2557
  11. Billinghan ME, Cary NRB, Hamond ME, et al. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart and lung rejection: heart rejection study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1990;9:587–593
  12. Braz L, Amato Neto V, Okay TS. Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in immunosuppressed patients: contributions for the laboratorial diagnosis standardization. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2008;50:65–66
  13. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am J Infect Control. 1988;16:128–140
  14. Almeida DR, Carvalho AC, Branco JN, et al. Chagas' disease reactivation after heart transplantation: efficacy of allopurinol treatment. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1996;15:988–992
  15. Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al. Evaluation and treatment of Chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007;14:2171–2181298
  16. Marchiori PE, Alexandre PA, Britto N, et al. Late reactivation of Chagas' disease presenting in a recipient as an expansive mass lesion in the brain after heart transplantation of Chagasic myocardiopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:1091–1096
  17. Rassi A, Rassi A, Little W, et al. Development and validation of a risk score for predicting death in Chagas′ heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:799–808
  18. Bocchi EA, Fiorelli A. The paradox of survival results after heart transplantation for cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:1833–1838
  19. Leiguarda R, Roncoroni A, Taratutu AL, et al. Acute CNS infection by T. cruzi in immunosuppressed patient. Neurology. 1990;40:850–851
  20. Rivero I, Moravenik M, Morales J, et al. Letter: Chagas' disease: another hazard in acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:285
  21. Lopez Blanco OA, Cavalli NH, Jasovich A, Gotlieb D, González-Cappa S. Chagas' disease and kidney transplantation: follow up of nine patients for 11 years. Transplant Proc. 1992;24:3089–3090
  22. Marcelino de Souza M, Franco M, Almeida DR, et al. Comparative histopathology of endomyocardial biopsies in chagasic and non-chagasic heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001;20:534–545
  23. Maldonado C, Albano S, Vettorazzi L, et al. Using polymerase chain reaction in early diagnosis of re-activated T. cruzi infection after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004;23:1345–1348
  24. Campos S, Strabelli T, Neto V, et al. Risk factors for Chagas's disease reactivation after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27:597–602
  25. Bacal F, Silva CP, Bocchi EA, et al. Mychophenolate mofetil increased Chagas disease reactivation in heart transplanted patients: comparison between two different protocols. Am J Transplant. 2005;5:2017–2021
  26. Bocchi EA, Higuchi ML, Vieira ML, et al. Higher incidence of malignant neoplasm after heart transplantation for treatment of chronic Chagas' heart disease. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998;17:399–405

PII: S1053-2498(09)00632-9

doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.08.006

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
Volume 29, Issue 3 , Pages 286-290 , March 2010

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